Runnable breakdowns

The calculators.

Fifty-six tools across the five core money lanes plus eleven industry and function packs: construction, manufacturing, retail, online business, hospitality, restaurants, property rentals, property maintenance, marketing, sales, and public relations. Plug in your numbers and watch the counterintuitive result appear. Nothing you enter leaves your browser. Click any value to type an exact figure, including numbers in the millions.

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Start here

The Profit Leak Audit

Seven numbers you already know. It ranks where your profit is actually leaking, biggest first, then sends you straight to the calculator that fixes each one. This is the engine that ties the videos, the calculators, and the book together.

01

Pricing

Margin, markup, discounts, and the price you should never go below.

The Discount Breakdown

You cut your price. How much more do you have to sell just to make the same gross profit?

Units you sell today
Units needed to break even
Flip it

A same size price increase at this margin lets you lose up to of your volume and still make the same gross profit. The cut and the raise are not symmetric.

New price
Gross profit per unit
Profit given away per unit
The move

Before you approve a discount, run it here. If the volume it needs is unrealistic, hold your price or trade the discount for something that does not cost margin.


The Markup vs Margin Trap

A markup is not a margin, and the gap is bigger than it feels.

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$60
50%
That markup is really only a
33% margin
A 50% markup leaves you a 33% margin. People price for the markup and quietly keep the smaller number.
Selling price
$90.00
Profit per unit
$30.00
The fix
To actually hit a 40% margin you need a 67% markup. For 50% you need 100%.
The move

Price to the margin you want, not the markup that feels right. Set your target margin first, then back into the markup.


The Floor Price

The price below which you are paying for the privilege of working.

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$70
$20
25%
Your floor price
$120.00
Quote below this and you fall under your 25% minimum margin.
Pay-to-work line
$90.00
Contribution at floor
$30.00
Minimum margin
25%
The move

Put your floor price on a card by the phone. No quote goes out below it without a reason you can say out loud.


Discount Recovery

You gave the discount. Now how much must you raise prices later just to get back to where you started?

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$100
10%
40%
Price increase needed to recover
+11%
A 10% discount needs a 11% price increase just to get back to where you started, and that still does not recover the profit you already gave away.
Discounted price
$90.00
Profit given away per unit
$10.00
Profit erased
25% of profit
The move

Remember the asymmetry before you discount. A cut is easy to give and surprisingly hard to claw back.

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02

Customers

Who makes you money, what they really cost, and the risk of leaning on one.

Customer Concentration Risk

One big customer feels like security. See how much of the business walks out the door if they leave.

That customer is
Revenue at risk
Gross profit at risk
EBITDA eliminated
The move

Concentration over 25% is a risk a buyer or lender will price against. Diversify the book before you are forced to.


The Customer P&L

Revenue is not profit. Add up what it really costs to keep an account and some turn red.

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$120,000
30%
$38,000
This account
-$2,000
You lose $2,000 a year serving this customer. The revenue is real. The profit is not.
Gross profit
$36,000
Cost to serve
$38,000
True margin
-2%
Cost to serve means everything past the product: support hours, returns, rush shipping, extra discounts, and the time the account eats from you and your team. For the full version, run the Customer Scorecard.
The move

Run your top five accounts through this, then use the Customer Scorecard to break the costs out line by line.


Customer Scorecard

Margin is only the start. Add terms, service, rush orders, returns, and discounts, and the verdict gets honest.

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$120,000
30%
45 days
120 hrs
8/yr
4%
5%
True margin on this account
15%
Acceptable, but watch the cost to serve. Gross margin reads 30%, but everything it costs to serve them leaves a true 15%.
Gross profit
$36,000
Hidden cost to serve
$18,399
True profit
$17,601
Assumes a loaded service cost of $65 an hour, $150 per rush order, and a 10% annual cost of capital on the terms you extend.
The move

Score every account green, yellow, or red. Reprice or fire the red ones before you spend a dollar chasing new logos.


CAC to LTV

Are you buying customers profitably, and how long until they pay you back?

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$400
$600
3.0 yrs
Lifetime value to acquisition cost
4.5 : 1
Healthy. Every dollar of acquisition returns 4.5 in lifetime gross profit.
Lifetime value
$1,800
Payback period
8 mo
Verdict
Scale it
The move

If the ratio is under three to one, fix retention or acquisition cost before you spend another dollar scaling.


The Free Shipping Cost

Free shipping is not free. See what eating it does to the margin on every order.

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$80
35%
$12
Free shipping turns your margin into
20%
Eating shipping turns your 35% margin into 20%. Profit per order drops from $28.00 to $16.00.
Profit per order, before
$28.00
Profit per order, after
$16.00
Break-even order value
$34
The move

Set a free-shipping threshold at or above the break-even order value so the offer pays for itself.

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03

Cash

Where your money gets trapped and what growth quietly demands.

The Cash Conversion Cycle

How many days does your money sit trapped between paying for goods and getting paid for them?

Your cash is locked up for
Cash tied up
The formula
Why it matters
Every day shaved off frees cash you would otherwise borrow.
The move

Pick the single biggest number of the three and attack it: invoice faster, hold less stock, or negotiate longer terms.


Working Capital Requirement

A full order book can mean you are going broke. See the cash you must front to fund growth before it pays you back.

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$5,000,000
20%
30%
52 days
35 days
40 days
Cash needed to fund the growth
$152,055
Growing 20% means finding about $152,055 of cash to fund the extra receivables and inventory, long before that growth shows up as profit in the bank.
Working capital tied up now
$760,274
Cash conversion cycle
57 days
Added revenue from growth
$1,000,000
The move

Line up the cash before you take the orders. Growth you cannot fund is how a profitable company runs out of money.


Growth Will Bankrupt You

Profit on paper, empty in the bank. See whether your growth funds itself or eats your cash.

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$200,000
8%
25%
45 days
Net cash this month
$32,000
Your margin funds your growth this month, with $32,000 of cash to spare.
Monthly profit
$50,000
Cash swallowed by growth
$18,000
Net monthly cash
$32,000
The move

If growth is burning cash, slow the ramp or fix the cash gap first. Profitable and broke is still broke.


The Cost of Being the Bank

When you give net terms, you finance your customers for free. Here is the bill.

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$3,000,000
45 days
10%
Financing your customers costs you
$36,986
That is what financing your customers for 45 days costs you every year.
Average receivables outstanding
$369,863
Cost per day
$101.33
Current terms
Net 45
The move

Every day you shave off your terms is cash back in your account. Tighten the slowest payers first.

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04

Cost

What things really cost, and how hard you can run before it breaks.

The True Cost of an Employee

The wage is the smallest part. Here is what a person costs for every productive hour.

True cost per productive hour
Fully loaded annual cost
Productive hours a year
Times the raw wage
The move

Use the loaded hourly cost when you quote and when you decide what work is worth your team’s time.


Break-even and Operating Leverage

How many units you must sell to cover the lights, and why a small swing in sales swings profit far more.

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$40,000
$100
$60
800
You break even at
1,000 units
Below this you lose money. Above it, every unit drops $40.00 to the bottom line.
Break-even revenue
$100,000
Contribution per unit
$40.00 (40%)
Operating leverage
A 10% sales rise moves profit about 40%
The move

Know your break-even before the month starts. Everything above it is where your profit actually lives.


The Cost of Rework

Every job done twice is pure margin walking out the door. Add it up for the year.

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1,200
6%
$220
$900
Rework costs you
$15,840
72 jobs a year get done twice. That is pure margin walking out the door.
Jobs redone a year
72
Cost each
$220
Share of revenue
1% of revenue
The move

Treat the rework number as a budget you are trying to zero out. A point of quality is often worth more than a point of sales.


Utilization

Busier is not always better. Past a point, high utilization means fragility, late jobs, and no room for the profitable rush.

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2,001
1,700
You are running at
85%
A healthy band: busy enough to be efficient, with slack to absorb surprises and take the high-margin rush.
Headroom left
301
Zone
Healthy
Healthy band
70 to 85%
The move

Aim for the 70 to 85% band. Below it you waste capacity, above it you cannot absorb surprises or say yes to the good rush job.

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05

Growth

The decisions where bigger is not automatically better.

Revenue vs Profit Illusion

Two options. One has the bigger top line. Which one actually makes more money?

And the winner is
Option A profit
Option B profit
The gap
The move

Judge every deal and product line by the profit it makes, not the revenue it adds.


Take the Job or Walk

A specific bid is on the table. Decide on the spot whether it is worth your time.

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$9,000
$5,200
60 hrs
$75/hr
This job pays you
$63/hr
Walk. This job throws off $63 per hour against your $75 floor.
Contribution
$3,800
Per hour
$63
Verdict
Walk
The move

Set your minimum dollars per hour once. Then this is a yes or no, not a gut call.


Buy vs Rent Equipment

Own it or rent it? Compare the real cost over how long and how often you will actually use it.

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$80,000
$3,200
7 mo/yr
4 yrs
$30,000
Cheaper option
Buy
Buy saves you $39,600 over 4 years at 7 months of use a year.
Net cost to buy
$50,000
Total cost to rent
$89,600
Break-even use
16 mo of use
The move

If you will use it less than the break-even months a year, rent. Own only what you keep busy.

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Industry packs

Tools tuned to how your business actually makes money.

The traps under a construction bid, a retail markdown, and an online order are not the same. Each pack speaks your numbers.


06

Construction

Bids, labor, retainage, and whether the job will actually make money.

Bid Markup for Overhead and Profit

Marking up cost by your profit target quietly leaves out overhead. Here is the markup that recovers both.

Bid this job at
Markup on cost
Overhead recovered
Profit on the job
The move

Stop marking up by gut. Recover overhead and profit in every bid, or you grow revenue while the bank account shrinks.


True Cost of a Crew Hour

The wage is the start. Add burden, small tools, and the hours that are not on the work, and the real number jumps.

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$28
35%
$6
70%
True cost per billable hour
$62.57/hr
Your $28/hr worker costs $62.57 for every hour actually on the work. Bill below this and the job loses money.
Fully loaded wage
$43.80/hr
Billable hours in an 8 hour day
5.6 hrs
Times the raw wage
2.23x
The move

Build your labor rate off the billable-hour cost, not the wage. Travel, setup, and weather are not free.


Retainage Cash Impact

Owners hold back a slice of every contract. See how much of your money is parked in their account.

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$4,000,000
8%
6 mo
10%
Cash held back at any time
$160,000
That is the cash your customers hold back at any given moment, money you earned but cannot use.
Annual carrying cost
$16,000
Retainage rate
8% withheld
Release lag
6 mo to release
The move

Price retainage into the job and chase releases the day they are due. It is your money, financed for free.


Job Profit Forecast

Do not wait for closeout to learn the job lost money. Forecast the final margin from where it stands today.

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$500,000
$180,000
$260,000
Projected final margin
12%
At the current run rate this job finishes at a 12% margin. Forecast it monthly, not at closeout.
Projected final cost
$440,000
Percent complete
41%
Projected profit
$60,000
The move

Run this on every active job monthly. A fade you catch at 40% complete is fixable. The same fade at closeout is just a loss.


Change Order Recovery

You did the extra work. Now you wait to get paid. See what slow change orders cost while the money sits out there.

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$150,000
10%
60 days
The delay costs you
$2,466
Financing $150,000 of completed change-order work for 60 days costs you $2,466. A change order that gets disputed and never approved costs the entire margin.
At 30 days
$1,233
At 60 days
$2,466
At 90 days
$3,699
The move

Get change orders approved and billed before the work starts wherever you can. A disputed one risks the whole margin, not just the float.

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07

Manufacturing

Hidden capacity, the real constraint, and the cost of sitting on stock.

OEE Impact

Overall equipment effectiveness multiplies three losses you usually track separately. The hidden capacity is bigger than it looks.

Overall equipment effectiveness
Actual output
Hidden capacity
Gap to world class
The move

Chase the lowest of the three factors first. A small dip in each one compounds into a large lost number at the end of the line.


Bottleneck Finder

Your line is only as fast as its slowest step. Find the real constraint before you spend on the wrong one.

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120/hr
85/hr
140/hr
System throughput
85/hr
The whole line can only move as fast as Station B at 85 an hour. Adding capacity anywhere else just creates more waiting and inventory.
The bottleneck
Station B
System throughput
85/hr
Idle capacity elsewhere
90/hr idle
The move

Invest at the bottleneck and nowhere else until it moves. Capacity added upstream just piles up inventory in front of the constraint.


Inventory Carrying Cost

The purchase price is not the cost. Capital, storage, insurance, and obsolescence make inventory far more expensive to hold than to buy.

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$800,000
8%
6%
8%
Inventory costs you a year
$176,000
Holding $800,000 of inventory costs about $176,000 a year, roughly 22% of its value. Most owners only ever count the purchase price.
Total carrying rate
22% a year
Cost per month
$14,667/mo
As share of value
22% of value
The move

Carrying cost usually runs 20 to 30% a year. Hold that against every reorder and every quantity break before you stock up.

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08

Retail

Inventory, markdowns, and what your floor space earns.

GMROI

Margin and turns together decide whether your inventory earns its keep. Gross margin return on inventory shows it in one number.

Gross margin per inventory dollar
Inventory turns
Gross margin dollars
Verdict
The move

A fat margin on slow stock can lose to a thin margin that turns fast. Manage to GMROI, not margin alone.


Markdown Breakeven

A markdown looks small on the tag and large on the profit. See how much margin a price cut actually keeps.

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$60
$30
20%
Of your profit, you keep
60%
A 20% markdown keeps only 60% of your profit per unit.
Profit per unit after
$18.00
Units to match prior profit
1.67x units
Marked-down price
$48.00
The move

Mark down dead stock fast and protect fresh inventory. Every point off the price takes more than a point off the profit.


Occupancy Cost

Rent is fixed whether the store is packed or empty. See what your space costs as a share of what it sells.

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$90,000
$9,000
2,000 sq ft
45%
Rent as a share of sales
10%
Rent eats 10% of your sales. Healthy retail usually keeps occupancy under about 10 to 12%.
Annual sales per sq ft
$540
Rent vs gross margin
22% of margin
Verdict
Healthy
The move

If occupancy eats too much of your gross margin, you need more sales per foot or a smaller footprint.

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09

Online business

Ad payback, unit economics, and the churn that caps growth.

Break-even ROAS

Before you judge an ad campaign, know the return on ad spend you need just to avoid losing money.

You need a ROAS of at least
Contribution before ads
Most you can pay per order
Contribution margin
The move

Set your target ROAS above break-even by your profit goal. Anything under break-even scales losses, not sales.


Contribution per Order

Add up product, shipping, fees, and ads. What an order actually leaves behind is smaller than the price suggests.

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$75
35%
$9
3%
$22
Each order leaves you
$15.50
After everything variable, each order leaves $15.50 toward overhead and profit.
Total variable cost
$59.50
Contribution margin
21%
Verdict
Healthy
The move

Fix unit economics before you scale traffic. Pouring ad spend onto a negative contribution just loses money faster.


Subscription Churn and LTV

Churn is a leaky bucket. See what a subscriber is really worth and how fast the leak drains your base.

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$40
80%
5.0%
A customer is worth
$640
At 5.0% monthly churn the average customer stays about 20 months and is worth $640 in gross profit.
Average lifespan
20 months
Monthly churn
5.0% / mo
Still subscribed in a year
54% after 1 yr
The move

A point of churn cut compounds into months of extra lifetime. Retention is the cheapest growth you have.

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10

Hospitality

Rooms, rates, and the occupancy that actually pays.

RevPAR and Profit per Available Room

The hotel north-star. What every room earns per night, full or empty, before and after the cost of the rooms that sell.

Revenue per available room
Rooms sold a night
Contribution per occupied room
Daily contribution
The move

Manage RevPAR, not rate or occupancy alone. The goal is the most profitable mix, not the fullest hotel.


Break-even Occupancy

How full you have to be just to cover the fixed costs at your current rate.

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80
$160
$35
$220,000
You break even at
73%
You must fill 73% of your rooms just to cover fixed costs at this rate. Everything above that is profit.
Contribution per room
$125.00
Rooms to sell a month
1,760 / mo
Fixed cost
$7,333 / night
The move

Know your break-even occupancy before you discount. Below it, you are paying guests to stay.


Rate vs Occupancy

Tempted to cut the rate to fill rooms? See how much occupancy you would need just to make it back.

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$160
68%
$35
15%
You would need to be
84% full
Cutting the rate 15% means lifting occupancy from 68% to 84%, up 16% points, just to stand still.
New room rate
$136.00
Contribution per occupied room
$101.00
Occupancy points needed
+16%
The move

A rate cut almost always needs more occupancy than you expect. Defend rate before chasing heads in beds.

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11

Restaurants

Plate costs, prime cost, and the covers that break you even.

Plate Cost and Menu Price

Work backward from your food-cost target to the price a dish has to carry on the menu.

Put it on the menu at
Gross margin
Profit per plate
Times ingredient cost
The move

Cost every dish and price to your food-cost target. Menus drift, so recost the big sellers every quarter.


Prime Cost

Food plus labor as a share of sales. The single number that predicts whether a restaurant makes it.

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$180,000
$54,000
$63,000
Your prime cost is
65%
Prime cost is the number that makes or breaks a kitchen. Most healthy restaurants keep it under about 60 to 65% of sales.
Food cost
30%
Labor cost
35%
Left after prime
$63,000
The move

Watch prime cost weekly, not monthly. It moves fast and it is the first thing to drift when a kitchen gets busy.


Break-even Covers

How many guests you have to serve a day before the restaurant makes its first dollar.

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$95,000
$32
65%
28 days
Break-even covers
303 / day
You need to serve about 303 guests a day before the restaurant makes a dollar.
Contribution per cover
$11.20
Covers a month to break even
8,482
Average check
$32
The move

Know your nightly break-even cover count. Everyone you seat past it is where the profit lives.

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12

Property rentals

Cash flow, cap rate, and the quiet cost of empty units.

Rental Cash Flow

After vacancy, expenses, and the mortgage, does this unit feed you or feed on you?

Monthly cash flow
Effective rent
Monthly outflow
Annual cash flow
The move

Buy for cash flow, not just appreciation. A unit that bleeds every month is a liability with a nice story.


Cap Rate

What the building earns relative to what it costs, before any financing. The number that compares deals.

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$1,200,000
$144,000
6%
$48,000
Cap rate
7%
Net operating income of $87,360 on a $1,200,000 property is a 7% cap rate before any financing.
Net operating income
$87,360
Effective gross income
$135,360
Price to NOI
13.7x NOI
The move

Compare deals on cap rate, then stress test the expenses. Sellers almost always understate operating costs.


Cost of Vacancy

Empty days plus make-ready costs add up faster than most owners think. Here is the annual bill.

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$2,200
21 days
1.0 / yr
$1,200
Vacancy costs you
$2,719 / yr
Between empty days and make-ready costs, turnover quietly costs you $2,719 a year, about 1.2 months of rent.
Lost rent
$1,519
Make-ready cost
$1,200
Equal to
1.2 months rent
The move

A few weeks empty plus a turnover often costs more than a rent bump earns. Renew good tenants early.

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13

Property maintenance

Pricing calls and contracts, and when to schedule instead of scramble.

Service Call Pricing

What to charge for a call so loaded labor hits your margin and parts carry a real markup.

Quote the call at
Labor charge
Parts charge
Profit on the call
The move

Price every call off your loaded tech cost and a real parts markup. Drive time and overhead are not free.


Maintenance Contract Pricing

Price a recurring agreement so it holds your margin across every scheduled visit and every part.

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4 / yr
3.0 hrs
$65
$600
35%
Price the agreement at
$2,123 / yr
Price the agreement at $2,123 a year ($177 a month) to hold your 35% margin across every visit.
Monthly price
$177
Your annual cost
$1,380
Profit on the contract
$743
The move

Price recurring agreements to your margin, not the customer budget. Predictable revenue is worth holding the line.


Reactive vs Preventive

Running to failure feels cheap until you add up the emergency calls. Compare it to a maintenance schedule.

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20
2.0 / yr
$450
$180
0.5 / yr
Preventive maintenance
Save $9,900
Scheduled maintenance saves $9,900 a year versus running to failure across these assets.
Reactive cost a year
$18,000
Preventive cost a year
$8,100
Cheaper approach
Preventive
The move

Schedule the critical, high-failure assets and let cheap, redundant ones run to failure. Match the plan to the risk.

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14

Marketing

Spend, funnels, and the conversion that has to pay it back.

Marketing ROI

Revenue is not the score. After cost of goods and the spend itself, did the campaign actually make money?

Return on marketing spend
Gross profit from it
Return per dollar
Net profit
The move

Judge campaigns on profit after margin and spend, not on revenue or clicks. A busy campaign can still lose money.


Cost per Customer

A cheap lead is not a cheap customer. Run the funnel and the real cost to acquire a buyer jumps.

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$8,000
400
12%
A customer actually costs
$166.67
Each lead costs $20.00, but only 12% convert, so a paying customer actually costs you $166.67.
Cost per lead
$20.00
Customers acquired
48
Conversion rate
12%
The move

Budget to cost per customer, not cost per lead. The conversion step is where most of the real cost hides.


Break-even Conversion

Before you launch, know the conversion rate the campaign has to hit just to pay for itself.

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$5,000
12,000
$35
You must convert
1.19%
You need to convert 1.19% of those clicks just to break even on the spend. Anything below that loses money.
Sales needed to break even
143 sales
Contribution per sale
$35.00
Clicks
12,000
The move

Set the break-even conversion as your floor. If your historical rate is below it, fix the offer before you spend.

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15

Sales

Pipeline coverage, the cost of a rep, and margin after the deal.

Pipeline Coverage

Hitting a number is a math problem. See how much qualified pipeline you need behind your target.

Pipeline you need
Deals to close
Opportunities needed
Coverage ratio
The move

Build pipeline to the coverage ratio, not to the target. Carrying only one times your number all but guarantees a miss.


Cost of a Sales Rep

A rep is a big fixed bet. See the revenue they must generate before they pay for themselves, let alone turn a profit.

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$150,000
60%
3.0x
Break-even revenue
$250,000
A rep costing $150,000 has to sell $250,000 just to pay for themselves at a 60% margin, before they make you a dollar.
Monthly break-even quota
$20,833/mo
Revenue to return the multiple
$750,000
Annual cost
$150,000
The move

Quota a rep off the revenue that returns a healthy multiple of their cost, not off a round number that feels fair.


Margin After Discount and Commission

The rep discounts to win it, then takes a commission on it. See what margin is left when both land.

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$10,000
$6,000
12%
8%
Margin left on the deal
24%
After a 12% discount and 8% commission, this deal leaves you a 24% margin.
Net price
$8,800
Gross profit
$2,800
Commission paid
$704
The move

Give reps a discount floor that protects margin after commission. A deal can look like a win and still lose money.

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16

Public relations

Earned value, share of voice, and the cost of a placement.

Earned Media Value

Put a number on coverage by asking what the same reach would cost to buy as advertising. Directional, not exact.

Ad-equivalent value
Total impressions
Return vs spend
Program cost
The move

Use earned value to show scale, but pair it with real outcomes. It estimates reach, not trust or intent.


Share of Voice

How much of the category conversation is about you, and is it running ahead of your market share or behind it?

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320
1,480
15%
Your share of voice
18%
You own 18% of the conversation in your category. Carry more share of voice than market share and you tend to gain ground.
Excess share of voice
+3%
Total category mentions
1,800
Your mentions
320
The move

Aim to hold more share of voice than market share. That gap, when positive, is what tends to pull share your way.


Cost per Placement

Pitching is a numbers game with a hit rate. See what each earned story actually costs you to land.

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120
14%
$36,000
Each earned story costs
$2,143
At a 14% hit rate, the 120 pitches behind your coverage make each earned story cost about $2,143.
Placements landed
17 stories
Hit rate
14%
Pitches sent
120
The move

Track cost per placement over time. Rising cost means the pitch or the target list needs work, not more volume.

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Not sure which number is hurting you?

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